關廟山西宮

Guanmiao Shanxi Temple

October 12th, 2015

Exploring the upper levels of Shanxi temple in Guanmiao — The upper levels of Shanxi Temple at the western entrance to Guanmiao.

Shānxī Temple (山西宮), often romanized as Shansi Temple, is a large historic temple in Guanmiao, a small town in southeastern Tainan, dating back to the early 18th century, back when Taiwan was under Qing Dynasty rule. It has been expanded and renovated many times over the years, most recently in the 1970s, to the point where I noticed few traces of antiquity on two trips to the temple over the last couple of years.

Shanxi temple main floor — A courtyard inside the main temple gate.

Truth be told, there’s nothing particularly unusual about this temple—it feels much like any other big temple in rural Taiwan—but seeing as how I recently organized several of my posts into a new series about temple culture in Taiwan, I figured it might be useful to slip a somewhat more “normal” temple into the flow. Rifling through my photo library I realized I had set aside a bunch from this temple nice enough to share. Most were captured while on a short bicycle trip from Tainan to Qishan and Meinong and a few others were shot while visiting some ruins in the area at a later date. On both occasions I wandered through very casually, without intending to capture every little detail, so consider this tour a very broad overview of what you might find at Shanxi Temple.

Inside Shanxi temple, Guanmiao — One of the main altars inside Shanxi Temple.

The primary deity worshipped at Shanxi Temple is Guānyǔ (關羽), often styled as Guāngōng (關公), a historic figure from the time of the Three Kingdoms (三國時代; AD 220–280). He is widely revered for embodying qualities like loyalty, bravery, and benevolence. I was intrigued to realize that the town actually derives its name from this temple; Guanmiao literally means temple (廟) of Guan!

Shanxi temple vista — The temple towers over most buildings in town.

Near the top of Shanxi temple, Guanmiao — Another view from near the top of the temple complex.

As with most other Taiwanese temples this one features a syncretic blend of Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religion all under one roof. I’ve heard various explanations for this mix of religious traditions in Taiwan, but hardly anyone I speak with considers this situation worthy of elaboration. It’s just how things are around here.

All these prayers and wishes — Festooned with prayers and wishes.

All these prayers and wishes in detail — Thousands of little notes have been attached to one part of the temple.

A four-faced Buddha inside Guanmiao's Shanxi temple — A four-faced Buddha inside Guanmiao’s Shanxi Temple.

One thing I really love about temple culture in Taiwan is how open and welcoming most temples are. Nobody seems to mind outsiders like myself wandering in, taking photos, inspecting murals and artifacts, and puzzling out what it is people do in these places. Often I am greeted with little knowing smiles or outright curiosity from the old people that typically hang out in the main temple hall. Of course, I always do my best to stay out of people’s way and never photograph the ceremonies I occasionally encounter or worshippers in meditation or supplication. That much seems like basic human decency to me.

Year of the horse at Shanxi temple in Guanmiao — A Taoist calendar with the year of the horse marked in red ribbon.

Enter the dragon's mouth in Guanmiao — Enter the dragon.

Out the tiger's mouth in Guanmiao — Exit the tiger.

Another thing worth remarking upon in this post is the tradition of “enter the dragon, exit the tiger”. Almost every temple you visit in Taiwan will have a dragon on the right and a tiger on the left. A third, much larger door is commonly found in the middle and has more of a ceremonial use (for instance, when conveying gods into or out of the temple). Proper temple etiquette demands that you enter the temple by way of the dragon door, conduct your business on the inside, and then leave by the tiger. In practice Taiwanese people are often very casual about this sort of thing and it’s not uncommon for visitors to pay no attention to this convention.

The gate in front of Shanxi Temple, Guanmiao — The plaza in between the temple and its huge gate is home to a modest night market.

Part of the fun of living in Taiwan is learning to appreciate local culture, traditions, and sights, particularly those that are open and accessible to foreigners regardless of language ability and found nation-wide. Apart from abandoned buildings, night markets, and natural wonders, temples are also great to explore. There are more than ten thousand temples in Taiwan (with the lion’s share of them in Tainan), each with their own history and traditions—some more than others, of course—so you’ll probably never run out of places to go if you get into checking out whatever temples you happen to chance upon, as I do.